![]() For these three centuries we have archival source materials-Turkish, Arabic and European (primarily French)-which are almost totally absent for Mamluk times. Nevertheless, the study of the history of Ottoman Egypt is a challenging and rewarding task. This change in Egypt’s status may account, at least partially, for the wealth of historical sources-primarily chronicles and biographical dictionaries-for the Mamluk period in comparison with the Ottoman period. In the former, Egypt was the center of an empire in the following three centuries, it was a province. Nevertheless, the Mamluk period has been more thoroughly studied than the Ottoman period. Egypt was ruled by the Mamluk sultans for 267 years (1250–1517) it was an Ottoman province for 281 years (from the overthrow of the Mamluk Sultanate by Selim I in 1517 until the French invasion in 1798 formally, Egypt remained a part of the Ottoman Empire until World War I). The history of Egypt under Ottoman rule is one of the least studied chapters of the history of that country in the Muslim era.
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